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What is Dyslexia?

Dyslexia is a language-based learning disability. It is most often identified as a deficit in the phonological (sound) component of language. This means that the individual with dyslexia has difficulty identifying and manipulating the individual sound units of language that make up words, a skill that underlies learning to read and spell. Some examples of phonological tasks are: Say ‘sand’ without saying /s/. What rhymes with cat? How many sounds are in sleigh? This is a tricky one! There are only 3 sounds in sleigh represented by 6 letters. You can see why learning to read and spell can be challenging. We can identify difficulties in phonological processing skills as early as the preschool years. 

In addition to the phonological component of dyslexia, deficits can also be exhibited in rapid automatic naming (letter and word recall). This contributes to one’s ability to quickly identify words and read fluently, which can affect comprehension.

Dyslexia is the most common learning disability. Research is indicating that it is neurobiological in nature. Individuals with dyslexia can also have difficulties with math, memory, organizational skills, study skills, self-esteem, and activities in everyday life. 

There are many stories of successful adults who initially struggled with reading. With strategically designed remediation that includes direct instruction, individuals with dyslexia can learn to read, write, and spell and go on to attend college and lead productive, fulfilling adult lives.